Constructed in 1911, and designed by government military architect T.W. Fuller, the Niagara Falls Armoury was one of 11 armouries built during the 1896-1911 Canadian Militia Reform and Expansion. As British forces withdrew from Canada, and defense became a Canadian responsibility, militia drill halls and armouries sprang up in communities across Canada.

Originally home to the Lincoln militia, and later the amalgamated Lincoln and Welland Regiment, it ceased its military operations in 1999. As a military facility, the Armoury served as a recruiting and training station for soldiers who fought in the First and Second World Wars, as well as the Korean war. During the First World War, the Armoury also served as a receiving facility for suspected "enemy aliens" prior to internment.